![]() ![]() In the Māori language, the word māori means "normal", "natural", or "ordinary". Māori are active in all spheres of New Zealand culture and society, with independent representation in areas such as media, politics, and sport. ![]() The Māori language is spoken to some extent by about a fifth of all Māori, representing three percent of the total population. In addition, more than 140,000 Māori live in Australia. They are the second-largest ethnic group in New Zealand, after European New Zealanders (" Pākehā"). In the 2018 census, there were 775,836 people in New Zealand identifying as Māori, making up 16.5 percent of the national population. Political and economic redress for historical grievances is also ongoing (see Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements). A number of socio-economic initiatives have been instigated with the aim of " closing the gaps" between Māori and other New Zealanders. They suffer higher levels of crime, health problems, and educational under-achievement. However, disproportionate numbers of Māori face significant economic and social obstacles, and generally have lower life expectancies and incomes compared with other New Zealand ethnic groups. ![]() Traditional Māori culture has thereby enjoyed a significant revival, which was further bolstered by a Māori protest movement that emerged in the 1960s. By the start of the 20th century, the Māori population had begun to recover, and efforts have been made, centring on the Treaty of Waitangi, to increase their standing in wider New Zealand society and achieve social justice. Social upheaval and epidemics of introduced disease took a devastating toll on the Māori population, which fell dramatically. After the Treaty was declared a legal nullity in 1877, Māori were forced to assimilate into many aspects of Western culture. Rising tensions over disputed land sales led to conflict in the 1860s, and massive land confiscations, to which Māori responded with fierce resistance. With the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, the two cultures coexisted for a generation. Initial contact between Māori and Europeans, starting in the 18th century, ranged from beneficial trade to lethal violence Māori actively adopted many technologies from the newcomers. Some early Māori moved to the Chatham Islands, where their descendants became New Zealand's other indigenous Polynesian ethnic group, the Moriori. Over several centuries in isolation, these settlers developed their own distinctive culture, whose language, mythology, crafts, and performing arts evolved independently from those of other eastern Polynesian cultures. Māori originated with settlers from East Polynesia, who arrived in New Zealand in several waves of canoe voyages between roughly 13. The Māori ( / ˈ m aʊ r i/, Māori: ( listen)) are the indigenous Polynesian people of mainland New Zealand ( Aotearoa). ![]()
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